Why do some chairs sit so low?

Many low seats were designed as nursing chairs or slipper chairs. The height made it much easier for women to manage stockings and heavy skirts. You also find them used in bedrooms for dressing. The lower centre of gravity made leaning forward more comfortable.

We found this set of six dining chairs in my aunt's house but one has slightly different carving on the back leg, why would that happen?

Sets of antique Victorian chairs were often assembled from different batches in a workshop. A carver might finish five legs one way and slightly alter the sixth if using a different pattern book. It is also common for families to match an odd chair into a set later on to replace a breakage. Harlequin sets built from similar but non-identical frames were quite standard by the end of the century.

Can I re-cover a buttoned chair?

You can, but deep buttoning requires significant skill. The fabric must be folded precisely between the buttons to allow enough give without tearing under stress. A good upholsterer will strip it back to the frame to check the webbing and springs first. If the foundation is weak, new top fabric will sag very quickly.

I have a heavy armchair with wooden wheels on the front legs but none on the back, did they fall off or was it made this way?

Most Victorian easy chairs were built exactly like that. The castors were fitted to the front legs to allow servants to lift the back and wheel the chair closer to the fire. The back legs were usually swept back and left plain to provide stability when someone sat heavily into the seat. Adding castors to the back would make the chair prone to rolling away as you sat down.

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Gothic Victorian Chairs

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Antique Victorian chairs encompass a vast range of seating from balloon-back dining chairs to deeply buttoned easy chairs. They were built to accommodate changing fashions in domestic comfort, often featuring turned legs, sprung seats, and carved ornamentation reflecting popular revival styles.