What wood are these made of?

They're usually made of mahogany. The cabinet makers bought logs shipped into London or Liverpool and cut them into thick veneers. This method gave them matching grain patterns across the doors. Rosewood is the other main timber you'll find. It has a darker, striped appearance and turns up on the smarter pieces from the period.

My grandad left me a large library cabinet that breaks down into sections, but I am not sure how to move it safely without damaging the doors.

Take the glass doors off first. You'll find they're heavy and the hinges can bend if the carcase twists during the move. Remove the adjustable shelves and pack them flat. The cornice and plinth usually unscrew. Once they're off, a large breakfront will separate into manageable vertical sections. Keep all the original screws in a labelled bag.

How deep are the shelves?

The upper shelves are shallow. They provide just enough depth for standard reading books. Lower sections project further out. You'll find those bottom shelves offer plenty of room for oversized volumes and heavy atlases.

I have noticed that a lot of these have fabric panels instead of glass on the bottom half, why did they do that?

Lower cupboards held unbound prints and ledger books. These items looked messy when stacked, so makers used blind doors to hide the clutter. Brass grilles backed with pleated fabric offered a lighter appearance than solid wood. They kept the dust out while hiding the storage behind a neat, decorative front.

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Regency Bookcases

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Freestanding glazed wooden cabinets made during the early nineteenth century, designed to hold expanding domestic libraries while keeping coal smoke and dust off the bindings.