Were these figures signed by artists?

Many nineteenth-century animalier sculptures bear foundry stamps or cast signatures along the edge of the base. These signatures indicate the designer responsible for the original model. Unsigned pieces remain common, often representing later studio editions or smaller workshops. Examining the clarity of the signature helps determine the piece's authenticity.

What is the difference between bronze and spelter?

Bronze is a heavy alloy of copper and tin that sustains sharp detail and develops a stable historical surface. Spelter uses zinc, which feels lighter and tends to crack under heavy stress. Art deco figures frequently utilised spelter as an affordable alternative. Inspecting the underside reveals the duller grey metal typical of zinc compositions.

How were marble bases attached?

Sculptures were typically secured to stone bases using threaded bolts extending through the marble into the underside of the animal's feet. These attachments provide stability for heavy metal compositions. Check that the bolt remains firm without excess wobble. Original mounts match the period of the cast and show appropriate wear.