How do I date an 18th-century wine glass?

Dating relies on observing the combination of bowl shape, stem construction, and foot formation. Early pieces often exhibit heavy baluster stems or folded feet, while mid-century examples commonly feature air or opaque twists. Changes in glass chemistry and engraving styles further help narrow the decade of manufacture. Comparing the pontil mark on the underside of the foot provides additional context regarding the manufacturing period.

What is the difference between an air twist and an opaque twist?

An air twist contains tiny elongated bubbles drawn into helical strands inside the clear stem. These rely solely on trapped air manipulated while the glass is molten. An opaque twist incorporates solid rods of white enamel melted into the core of the stem. This produces a distinct, solid white pattern visible through the clear exterior glass.

Were these glasses used daily or kept for display?

These vessels served active roles at dining tables for wine, ale, and spirits during formal meals and gatherings. Their sturdy lead glass construction meant they were built for handling rather than mere ornament. Over generations, many survived through careful use and storage in cabinets. Their durable lead composition allowed them to withstand regular washing.

Why do some glasses have folded feet?

Folding the rim of the glass foot under itself added physical strength to a vulnerable edge. This technique protected the base from chipping during tavern or dining table use. Folded feet appear more frequently on earlier eighteenth-century drinking vessels. The extra glass at the rim also provided a heavier, more stable base for taller bowls.