What is Kraak porcelain?

Kraak porcelain refers to Chinese export wares produced mainly during the Wanli period, distinguished by panelled designs radiating around a central motif. These pieces were widely traded by maritime nations and often show characteristic crackle or export wear from sea transport.

How do I identify Swatow ware?

Swatow ware comprises provincial ceramics made in southern China for export markets, identifiable by gritty paste and loose, vigorous cobalt painting. They appear as large bowls and chargers, frequently recovered from shipwreck cargo contexts.

How were blue and white designs applied?

Blue and white decoration involved painting cobalt pigment directly onto the unfired porcelain body before applying a clear glaze and firing at high temperatures. This technique produced durable patterns depicting dragons, cranes, and floral scrolls that remained protected beneath the glossy surface.