What materials make up these sculptures?

Cast bronze, patinated spelter, and opalescent glass form the primary mediums for these works. Many figures also incorporate marble or onyx bases. Secondary materials include carved alabaster, wood, and paper used in framed drawings and photographs.

How do I display a table lamp?

These lamps function best on sturdy side tables or desks where their sculptural silhouette can be appreciated from multiple angles. Position them away from direct sunlight to protect patinated surfaces and glass. Ensure electrical wiring meets modern safety standards while preserving original switch mechanisms where possible.

Are all these pieces French?

While Paris served as the primary hub for modernist sculpture, production extended across Europe. Pieces originate from workshops in England and Austria as well as France. Stylistic traits often indicate the regional school, combining local casting methods with international design movements.

How do I distinguish spelter from bronze?

Spelter is lighter in weight than bronze and tends to show a softer surface grain upon close inspection. Underneath worn patination, spelter reveals a greyish or silvery metal base. Bronze maintains a heavier density and develops a warmer golden or reddish hue where friction exposes the underlying metal.