What materials make up the base?

Bases consist primarily of marble, onyx, malachite, slate and wood. These dense materials anchor the metal figures securely. Selection of the stone often reflects the period of manufacture, with white or coloured marbles dominating nineteenth-century works and onyx appearing frequently in later art deco pieces.

How do I clean the bronze?

Dust gently with a dry, soft cloth to remove surface particles. Avoid chemical cleaners or water which can strip the protective patina. Applying a very light coat of microcrystalline wax occasionally helps preserve the metal surface against atmospheric moisture.

Are these pieces solid bronze?

Many figures are cast using the lost-wax method in solid bronze, though some larger works are hollow to reduce weight. Certain items utilise spelter rather than bronze, which can be identified by its lighter weight and distinct internal metal colour where the surface finish has worn.

How are the figures attached?

Sculptures connect to the stone plinths via threaded rods or pins extending from the feet or base of the figure through holes in the marble. Securing nuts are typically visible on the underside of the stone base, holding the metal subject firmly to its mount.