Were these vessels used for flowers?

Many of these vessels were designed primarily as decorative objects for domestic interiors rather than utilitarian flower holders. Their intricate painted surfaces and delicate lustre finishes made them centerpieces for display on mantelpieces and cabinets. Some larger forms, particularly jugs and ewers, retained a functional capacity while still functioning as ornamental art pottery within the home.

How can I tell a true pair apart from assembled ones?

A true pair displays consistent dimensions, identical clay bodies, and corresponding hand painted or incised decorative motifs executed by the same hand or workshop. The numbering or signatures on the bases often align sequentially or share matching artisan ciphers. Assembled pairs may exhibit subtle variations in glaze tone, height, or the application of surface enamels due to being produced at different times or in separate kiln batches.

What is the difference between stoneware and earthenware?

Stoneware is fired at significantly higher temperatures, resulting in a dense, vitrified body that is naturally waterproof and highly durable. Earthenware remains more porous and requires a complete glaze layer to hold liquids, though it allows for bright surface colours. British and continental art potteries utilised both mediums depending on the desired aesthetic and the specific decorative techniques employed by the workshop.