How do I clean a bronze bust?

Dust the surface regularly with a soft, dry microfibre brush to prevent particulate accumulation within recessed areas. Avoid water, abrasive cloths, and chemical polishes, which strip away historical patination. Apply a microcrystalline wax sparingly if the metal requires protection, buffing it gently with a clean cloth. Stone bases require separate care appropriate for marble or alabaster without touching the adjacent metal.

What is the difference between bronze and spelter?

Bronze is a durable copper alloy that accepts fine detail and develops a deep, stable patina over centuries. Spelter relies on zinc, making it noticeably lighter, softer, and more susceptible to surface bending or fracturing. Inspect the underside or recessed areas for the characteristic grey colour of zinc, or test the weight and magnetism. Spelter pieces frequently display flaking paint finishes rather than chemical patination.

Are signatures on the metal original?

Foundries cast artist signatures, titles, and foundry marks directly into the bronze during the initial moulding process. These raised or incised letters form an integral part of the metalwork rather than being added later. Compare signatures against documented examples by makers to verify period authenticity. Cast inscriptions often feature slight irregularities characteristic of hand-carved model patterns.