How do I identify a 19th century mirror?

Examine the construction of the frame behind the glass, noting the type of wood and joinery methods used. Older mirrors frequently feature heavy giltwood, gesso ornament, and original plate glass with subtle distortions. Look for period specific design motifs such as French Rococo Revival or Victorian styling. Maker labels or stamps on the reverse can also provide definitive clues to origin.

What woods were commonly used?

Craftsmen relied heavily on dense hardwoods like mahogany, rosewood, and oak for structural furniture pieces and case work. Softer timbers such as pine, birch, and linden wood suited items requiring deep relief carving or specialised decorative forms. Giltwood items typically utilised pine or other softwood bases covered in gesso before gilding. Exotic materials like burr birch and padouk appeared on select decorative tables and sideboards.

How should I care for carved wooden furniture?

Keep wooden pieces away from direct sunlight and steady heat sources to prevent the timber from drying out and cracking. Maintain a stable indoor environment with consistent humidity levels to protect veneers and joints. Dust surfaces gently with a soft cloth and avoid applying harsh chemical polishes. For giltwood and gesso elements, consult a professional conservator before attempting any cleaning.

What distinguishes Victorian from Regency pieces?

Regency items generally reflect classical restraint influenced by Greek and Roman design, often utilising clean lines and dark mahogany. Pieces from this era frequently date from the early decades of the century. Victorian furniture tends toward heavier proportions and exuberant revivals of Rococo, Renaissance, and Gothic styles. Richly figured woods like burr walnut and ornate carved ornamentation characterise the later Victorian era.