How do I clean bronze and ormolu?

Dust the metal gently with a soft, dry brush to remove surface particles without scratching the patina. Avoid harsh chemical cleaners that strip the original gilding or bronze finish. If the metal requires deeper cleaning, use a damp cloth with mild soap and dry immediately to prevent moisture damage to mounted porcelain or marble.

Can I replace the lampshade safely?

Replacement shades should match the proportional weight and scale of the heavy bronze base. Clip-on or fitter-ring styles depend on the specific vintage harp hardware attached to the lamp. Choose fabric or glass shades that complement the period aesthetic, such as opaline or silk designs suited to nineteenth-century lighting.

How do I tell if a lamp is converted?

Converted pieces often show capped spouts, plugged candle nozzles, or drilled bases where wiring passes through original vessels. These alterations are standard for items originally made as ewers or candelabra. Examine the underside and collar fittings to see how manufacturing holes integrate with modern brass threaded pipe and lamp hardware.