What is a campana vase?

A campana vase is shaped like an inverted bell with a distinct foot and flared rim. These vessels were modelled on ancient stone and terracotta archaeological finds. In nineteenth-century interiors, they served as prominent decorative urns on mantelpieces, pedestals and garden terraces.

How do I identify Grand Tour bronzes?

Grand Tour bronzes typically represent famous classical sculptures, architecture or vases seen by travellers in Italy. They feature heavy cast construction with dark patination. These pieces were made as portable souvenirs and decorative cabinet items during the nineteenth century.

What is a cassolette used for?

A cassolette is a lidded vase featuring a reversible top designed for burning perfumes or serving as a standard urn. The form allows the piece to change appearance depending on how the lid is displayed. They are frequently mounted in ormolu and paired with marble bases for decorative display.

Where were porcelain garniture sets placed?

Porcelain garniture sets were arranged symmetrically across mantelpieces, sideboards and large furniture tops. A central clock or major urn was flanked by matching smaller vases or candelabra. This balanced arrangement was a standard feature of nineteenth-century formal room decoration.