How old are these vases?

Most pieces date from the nineteenth century, particularly the Victorian period and the late Qing Dynasty. Some incorporate styles referencing earlier eras like the Ming Dynasty. Stylistic markers and construction methods help place them within this nineteenth-century bracket.

Were they used for flowers?

While some function as posy vases or flower urns, many served as decorative display items or incense burners. Their heavy construction and ritual shapes point towards ornamental rather than purely utilitarian purposes. Handles and base marks further suggest they were designed for scholarly or formal settings.

What is champlevé enamel?

Champlevé is a technique where artisans carve recesses into the bronze body to hold coloured enamel pastes. Firing fuses this glass into the metal surface. This method produces durable, colourful patterns that contrast with the dark bronze ground.

How should I clean bronze?

Dusting with a dry, soft cloth is generally sufficient to maintain the surface without disturbing the historic patina. Avoid harsh commercial polishes that strip away the aged finish. Keeping the pieces away from moisture preserves both the metal and any enamel work.