What is an intaglio wax seal?

An intaglio wax seal is a carved stone or metal stamp used to leave an impression in molten sealing wax. They were essential tools for authenticating letters and documents before the widespread adoption of modern adhesives.

How were fob seals worn?

Fob seals were attached to watch chains and suspended from waistcoat pockets or worn on charm bracelets. They served as both practical writing implements and fashionable accessories displaying personal motifs.

What stones are used for seals?

Carvers utilised hardstones such as carnelian, bloodstone, chalcedony, sardonyx and rock crystal. These minerals resisted the heat of sealing wax and retained sharp carved edges over decades of use.

How do I date an antique seal?

Dating relies on stylistic shifts in the metal mount, the cut of the stone, and hallmarks where present. Georgian examples tend toward neoclassical motifs, while Victorian pieces often incorporate heavier gold work and varied hardstones.