What is the difference between brass and bronze?

Bronze is an alloy composed primarily of copper combined with tin, resulting in a durable metal suited for detailed casting and patination. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, generally displaying a brighter, more golden yellow colour when unpolished. Historical pieces often use the terms interchangeably in descriptions, but visual inspection of the underlying metallic tone usually clarifies the primary alloy used.

How were mantel clocks used?

Mantel clocks served as both functional timekeepers and status symbols in wealthy households during the 18th and 19th centuries. Placed prominently on fireplace mantels or console tables, they demonstrated mechanical precision and artistic taste. Many examples formed part of a three-piece garniture set, flanked by matching candelabra or urns made from complementary bronze, marble, or ormolu materials.

Are these sculptures solid or hollow?

Larger sculptures and statues are typically cast using the lost-wax method as hollow forms to save weight and metal resources. Thicker walls or internal armature supports provided structural stability during the cooling and finishing processes. Smaller items like paperweights, desk figures, and decorative mascots were more frequently cast as solid pieces due to their compact dimensions.