Are these candlesticks solid silver?

Examples found here include both solid sterling silver and silver plate over base metal. Hallmarks on the base or nozzle identify solid sterling pieces. Silver plated versions offer the same neoclassical appearance without the precious metal weight. Inspection of the hallmarks or worn edges reveals the underlying metal.

How do I date these candlesticks?

Solid silver pieces carry British hallmarks containing date letters and assay office symbols that pinpoint the exact year of manufacture. Stylistic shifts and maker marks help narrow down the production period. Silver plated items rely on design characteristics, registry marks and maker stamps rather than official date hallmarks. Comparing column proportions and base weights provides further clues to the decade of creation.

Can I use modern candles in them?

Most antique sockets accommodate standard dinner candles, though slight variations in nineteenth-century sizing occur. Using appropriate candle widths prevents tilting and wax overflow onto the silver. Some pieces feature removable sconces or inserts designed to catch dripping wax. Careful sizing protects the intricate acanthus leaf capitals from heat and residue damage.

Why are some candlesticks filled?

Makers weighted the interior bases with resin, pitch or plaster to provide stability for the tall column structure. This weighting prevents the top-heavy candlesticks from tipping over during use. English sterling silver standards required a solid base foundation beneath the thin metal shell. The original weighting material remains inside untouched examples from the period.