How do I identify a signed print from a standard reproduction?

Examine the surface under magnification to check for actual ink application, plate impressions and pencil signatures rather than dot-matrix printing patterns. Genuine signed pieces often show subtle variations unique to hand-pulled printing. Look for collector provenance, artist proof markings and paper characteristics appropriate to the stated period of production.

What is the difference between an etching and a lithograph?

An etching involves incising lines into a metal plate using acid or sharp tools, resulting in indented lines that hold thick ink. Lithography relies on chemical repulsion on a flat stone or plate surface. Etchings typically display a distinct plate mark indented into the paper margins, whereas lithographs sit flat upon the sheet.

How should I care for antique works on paper?

Keep works away from direct sunlight and high humidity to prevent paper degradation and fading of inks or watercolours. Ensure framing uses acid-free mounts and conservation glass. Avoid hanging pieces in rooms with fluctuating temperatures such as kitchens or bathrooms to protect the wooden frames and paper fibres.

What does artist proof mean on a print?

An artist proof is an impression pulled outside the regular numbered edition for the creator's personal inspection or record. These are traditionally marked in pencil and can be desirable to collectors. They demonstrate the creator's direct involvement in approving the print quality before mass production of the edition.