Spelter is a zinc-based alloy commonly utilised as an alternative to bronze for sculptural figures and decorative lamps. It allowed nineteenth-century makers to produce ornate pieces at a lower cost. Objects made from spelter are lighter than bronze and often feature a bronzed finish to mimic heavier metal. Careful handling is required because spelter is softer than bronze.

How do I clean metal sculptures?

Dusting with a soft, dry cloth is the safest way to maintain metal figures and busts. Avoid harsh chemical cleaners that strip the original patina. Protect the surface from moisture and direct sunlight to preserve the finish. Wax can be applied sparingly to bronze to guard against oxidation.

Are these pieces signed?

Many sculptures bear signatures or foundry marks stamped directly into the metal or the base. These inscriptions often name the artist who modelled the original figure. Signatures provide helpful clues for dating the piece and identifying the creator. Unsigned works remain common, particularly among decorative lamps and novelty items.

Where were they made?

French foundries produced a large proportion of the figurative metalwork found in these collections. Parisian workshops set the standard for Neoclassical and Art Deco styles. British and European makers also contributed cast iron and bronze pieces for domestic interiors and gardens. Regional foundries often specialised in specific types of decorative metalware.