How were these bottles used?

Owners filled them with liquid perfumes, colognes, or aromatic vinegars for personal freshening during travel or social outings. They sat upon dressing tables in fitted sets or hung from chatelaines as part of an ensemble.

How do I identify French pieces?

French pieces often incorporate ormolu mounts, guilloche enamel, or specialised glass styles such as Moser or Murrine work from the nineteenth century. Assay marks on the silver mounts can also indicate French origin.

An atomiser is a perfume vessel fitted with a squeeze bulb and spray mechanism to distribute fragrance in a fine mist. Twentieth-century examples, such as those by René Lalique, integrated this function into decorative moulded glass bodies.