Were these vases used for fresh flowers?

Many historical vessels, particularly confit pots and utilitarian jars, served dry storage or kitchen functions rather than holding water. Porous earthenware bodies could seep moisture unless properly sealed with an interior glaze. Finer decorative vases and urns functioned primarily as mantelpiece ornaments or cabinet displays. Using them for dried botanicals protects the historic ceramic fabric from moisture damage.

What is the difference between earthenware and porcelain?

Earthenware uses common clay fired at lower temperatures, leaving the body porous and opaque even when thin. Porcelain relies on kaolin and petuntse fired at extreme heat, vitrifying the material into a non-porous, translucent ceramic. Because earthenware is softer, makers applied glazes like tin enamel or lead to seal the surface. Porcelain naturally resists liquids without needing an applied glaze coating.

How can I tell Japanese Satsuma ware apart?

Satsuma wares feature a distinctive ivory-coloured, crackled earthenware body decorated with enamels and gilding. The crackle pattern in the clear glaze is an intentional characteristic rather than a sign of damage. Earlier Meiji period examples often display finely detailed figural scenes and intricate floral borders. Later 20th-century production tended toward heavier gilding and more standardised painted motifs.